The Ingredient Encyclopedia: what is in your supplements, explained.

Chuquiraga

No human clinical trials have been conducted on Chuquiraga oppositifolia or any Chuquiraga species as of the available literature, making it impossible to draw clinical conclusions about efficacy, ...

Cogon Grass

No human clinical trials investigating Imperata cylindrica for any indication have been identified in the available scientific literature, making a traditional clinical summary inapplicable

Apocynin

Most evidence for apocynin derives from in vitro cell studies and animal models, where it consistently reduces NOX2-derived superoxide and inflammatory markers

Manga Rosa

While direct human clinical trials specifically on the Manga Rosa cultivar are currently not widely reported, research on *Mangifera indica* cultivars generally highlights antioxidant, anti-inflamm...

Craboo Fruit

Comprehensive clinical trials on Craboo Fruit, detailing study types, participant numbers, or specific health outcomes, are not available in the current scientific literature

Kalumpit Fruit

Research, including in vitro and ex vivo studies on antioxidant extraction, consistently confirms Kalumpit Fruit's high phenolic content and potent antioxidant activity

Natal Plum

Current evidence for Natal plum is limited to in vitro studies and simulated digestion models, with no human clinical trials reported

Caribbean Mauby Bark

Preliminary research on Mauby bark, including studies on Colubrina elliptica and traditional preparations, indicates notable hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects

Maple Seeds

Research on maple seeds specifically is limited, with most studies focusing on maple leaf extracts rather than seeds

Lychee Seed Oil

Limited clinical research exists specifically for lychee seed oil supplementation

Corynoxine (Alkaloid)

No human clinical trials have been conducted specifically examining corynoxine's health effects

Katmon Fruit

There are no reported clinical trials or quantitative results regarding the efficacy or specific health benefits of Katmon fruit consumption in modern scientific literature

Wineberry

Limited clinical research exists specifically on wineberry, with most evidence extrapolated from studies on related Rubus species

Fermented Strawberries

Scientific literature on fermented Fragaria × ananassa primarily highlights the enhanced bioavailability of antioxidants and the introduction of beneficial probiotic strains

Coconut Husk Fiber

Current evidence is limited to in vitro studies and animal models, with no published human clinical trials available

Chinese Skullcap (Scutellaria baicalensis)

Current evidence comes primarily from animal studies and preliminary research

Black Grass Jelly

Emerging research, primarily from in vitro and animal studies, supports the traditional uses of Mesona chinensis, indicating significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties

Chokeberry Seed Oil

Limited clinical research exists specifically on chokeberry seed oil, with most studies focusing on whole chokeberry fruit extracts

Star Leaf

Preclinical studies show Star Leaf extract achieves 97.4% reduction in clonogenic survival at 15 μg/mL concentration in triple-negative breast cancer cells

Indian Mast Tree Leaf

Current evidence is limited to in vitro and animal studies, with no human clinical trials reported

Capulin Cherry

Current evidence is limited to in vitro laboratory studies using RAW 264.7 macrophage cell lines

Marula Seed

Limited clinical research exists specifically on marula seed supplementation

Ligustrum lucidum

Current evidence for Ligustrum lucidum comes primarily from animal and cell culture studies rather than human clinical trials

Mudakathan (Cardiospermum halicacabum)

Current evidence for mudakathan is limited to preclinical animal studies with no human clinical trials available

Venison Liver Powder

Limited clinical research exists specifically for venison liver powder supplementation

Nervonic Acid

Limited human studies exist for isolated nervonic acid supplementation

Genipap

No randomized controlled trials, observational clinical studies, or pharmacokinetic studies in humans have been conducted on Genipa americana or its isolated constituents as dietary supplements

Uchu Sanango

No clinical trials have been conducted using Tabernaemontana undulata preparations as the investigational agent; consequently, there are no human-derived effect sizes, confidence intervals, or safe...

Catmon Fruit

Research on catmon fruit is primarily limited to in vitro antioxidant assays demonstrating significant DPPH radical scavenging activity and phenolic content analysis

Turmeric Leaf Extract

Turmeric leaf extract fights inflammation via NF-κB inhibition & COX-2 suppression. Learn how its turmerones, curcuminoids & flavonoids support digestion & antioxidant defense.

Turmeric (Curcuma longa)

Turmeric's curcumin reduces inflammation by inhibiting NF-κB and COX-2 pathways while providing antioxidant protection.

Stinging Nettle Root

Stinging nettle root inhibits DHT binding & 5α-reductase to ease BPH symptoms. See clinical evidence, dosing, and mechanism of action.

Shaggy Mane Mushroom

Shaggy Mane mushroom supports liver health, blood sugar control, and immune function through polysaccharides and ergothioneine.

Sea Grape

What is sea grape? Discover its polyphenol-rich health benefits, nutrients, mechanisms, and scientific evidence for this marine superfood.

Sandalwood Nut

Discover sandalwood nut benefits: rich in ximenynic acid, omega-9 fats, antioxidant polyphenols, and nearly 20% protein. Backed by PubMed research.

Sacred Basil

Discover sacred basil benefits backed by science—adaptogenic stress relief, anti-inflammatory action, and immune support from tulsi.

Rosehip Oil

Discover rosehip oil benefits for skin, joints, and inflammation backed by clinical studies. Learn its compounds, mechanisms, and safety.

Rose Myrtle

Discover rose myrtle benefits: antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immune-boosting properties backed by scientific research.

Red Spruce Tip

Red spruce tips deliver catechin & epicatechin that scavenge free radicals and modulate PI3K/Akt pathways — with cold plasma boosting flavonoids by 165%.

Red Cabbage Leaf

Red cabbage provides digestive support and anti-inflammatory benefits through anthocyanins and glucosinolates that promote gut health.

Ramontchi Berry

Discover ramontchi berry benefits: antioxidant, antimicrobial & anti-inflammatory properties from phenolic glycosides and flavonoids in Flacourtia indica.

Rambutan Seedling

Discover rambutan seedling benefits: antioxidant phenolics, gallic acid, ellagic acid, and Sapindaceae phytochemistry backed by PubMed research.

Rainforest Tea Leaf

Discover rainforest tea leaf benefits: antioxidant polyphenols, neuroprotection, and immune support backed by peer-reviewed research.

Quinine Berry

Quinine berry supports immune function, reduces fever, and fights inflammation through quinine alkaloids and flavonoids.

Quandong Kernel

Discover quandong kernel benefits: rich in vitamin E, omega-7, and antioxidants that support skin, joints, and immune health.

Phellinus Linteus Extract

Phellinus linteus extract offers immune support and anti-cancer benefits through beta-glucans and polysaccharides. Research-backed supplement.

Perilla Seed

Discover perilla seed benefits: ALA omega-3, rosmarinic acid, and bioactive peptides support heart, brain, and immune health. Backed by PubMed research.

Pearl Millet

Discover pearl millet benefits: lower glycemic response, iron biofortification, and heart health backed by clinical trials and PubMed research.

Old Man's Beard

Old Man's Beard lichen supports respiratory and immune health through usnic acid's antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties.

Moringa Leaf Powder

Moringa leaf powder provides exceptional nutrients plus isothiocyanates for blood sugar support and antioxidant protection.