The Ingredient Encyclopedia: what is in your supplements, explained.

Alamo Vine Fruit

No clinical studies have been conducted on Alamo Vine Fruit (Merremia tuberosa) due to its recognized toxicity and lack of documented human health applications

Japanese Cherry Kernel Oil

Preliminary research, primarily involving in vitro and animal studies, suggests Japanese Cherry Kernel Oil possesses significant anti-aging and anti-inflammatory properties

Fermented Blackberries

Scientific research, primarily from in vitro and animal studies, indicates that fermented blackberries exhibit enhanced antioxidant capacity and beneficial metabolic effects

Elk Liver Extract

Limited clinical research exists specifically on elk liver extract supplementation

Daun Dewa (Gynura procumbens)

Animal studies demonstrate significant wound healing acceleration in diabetic conditions through enhanced cell migration and growth factor expression

Yunnan Hackberry Berry

Limited research exists specifically on Yunnan Hackberry Berry, with most evidence extrapolated from studies on similar anthocyanin-rich berries

Kokum Bark

Limited human trials have evaluated kokum bark, with most research conducted in animal models and in vitro studies

Katrafay Bark

Current scientific literature, primarily comprising ethnobotanical accounts and preliminary in vitro/in vivo studies, supports Katrafay Bark's traditional uses

Lactobacillus pentosus

Limited human clinical trials have been conducted specifically on Lactobacillus pentosus supplementation

Camel Hump Oil

Limited clinical research exists on camel hump oil specifically, with most evidence derived from traditional use studies in Middle Eastern populations

Corkwood

While Corkwood (*Duboisia myoporoides*) itself lacks reported human clinical trials in the provided research, its extracted compounds are clinically significant

Brazilian Cassava Ferment

Research on Brazilian Cassava Ferment is emerging, primarily focusing on its fermentation process and nutritional improvements through in vitro and animal studies

Cedar Cone Oil

Preliminary studies suggest cedarwood essential oil's potential for respiratory benefits, skin health, and anti-inflammatory effects

Jojoba Oil

Clinical research consistently highlights Jojoba Oil's efficacy in dermatological applications, particularly for its moisturizing, anti-inflammatory, and sebum-regulating properties

Lempuyang (Zingiber zerumbet)

Current research on lempuyang is limited to preliminary laboratory studies rather than human clinical trials

Hottentot Fig

Current evidence for Hottentot Fig is limited to in vitro laboratory studies measuring antioxidant activity through radical scavenging assays and anti-inflammatory effects in cell cultures

Costus speciosus

Clinical evidence for Costus speciosus remains limited to preliminary research

Duck Egg Powder

Limited clinical research exists specifically on duck egg powder supplementation

Coconut Husk Powder

Limited clinical research exists specifically on coconut husk powder as a supplement

Icelandic Wild Rose

While *Rosa acicularis* is recognized for its traditional uses, specific robust human clinical trials focusing solely on "Icelandic Wild Rose" extracts are limited

Elderflower Cordial Vinegar

While direct clinical trials on Elderflower Cordial Vinegar are limited, research on *Sambucus nigra* (elderflower) extracts indicates significant immune-boosting and anti-inflammatory properties

Borde

No human clinical trials have been conducted specifically on borde as an intervention

Celery Seed Vinegar

Clinical research specifically on Celery Seed Vinegar is notably absent

Mango Kernel

Current evidence for mango kernel is limited to in vitro and phytochemical studies, with no human clinical trials available

Lippia Leaf

Research on Lippia consists primarily of in vitro and animal studies rather than human clinical trials

Ironwood Bark

Human clinical trials on Ironwood Bark remain limited, with most evidence from animal and in vitro studies

Buddha Nut (Candlenut Variety)

Clinical evidence remains limited to preclinical studies, with no large-scale human trials reported

Fenugreek Kernel Vinegar

Clinical studies, primarily on fenugreek seeds and extracts, demonstrate significant benefits in managing blood sugar levels and improving lipid profiles in individuals with type 2 diabetes and dys...

Himalayan Mulberry

Current research on Himalayan Mulberry (Morus serrata/spp.) berries primarily consists of in vitro and animal models

Butterfly Ginger (Hedychium coronarium)

Limited clinical research exists on butterfly ginger specifically, with most evidence coming from traditional use studies and in vitro research

Australian Wattleseed

Clinical research on Australian Wattleseed is emerging, predominantly focusing on its nutritional profile and in vitro and preclinical investigations of its bioactive compounds

Bee Balm (Monarda didyma)

Current evidence for bee balm is limited to preclinical in vitro studies demonstrating anti-inflammatory effects in LPS-stimulated macrophages

Dwarf Tamarillo

Current research on Dwarf Tamarillo is largely based on in vitro and animal studies, with limited human clinical trials

Indonesian Fermented Soy Sauce (Kecap Manis)

While direct human clinical trials specifically on Kecap Manis are limited, broader research on fermented soy products generally supports their potential health benefits

Chilean Myrtle Berry

Limited human studies exist for Chilean myrtle berry specifically, with most research conducted on related Myrtaceae family berries

Junglesop

There are no reported clinical studies, trials, or research outcomes specifically linked to Junglesop in scientific literature

Epazote Herb

Scientific studies have corroborated Epazote's traditional uses, particularly its antimicrobial and antiparasitic efficacy, largely attributed to ascaridole

Crocodile Liver Powder

Limited human studies exist specifically for crocodile liver powder supplementation

Charichuelo

Scientific research on Charichuelo remains in preliminary stages with limited published clinical trials

Mongolian Wild Garlic

While traditional uses and in vitro studies highlight the therapeutic potential of Mongolian Wild Garlic's (Allium sativum L.) organosulfur compounds, specific human clinical trials focusing exclus...

Jackalberry

No human clinical trials exist specifically for jackalberry, with evidence limited to pre-clinical animal and in vitro studies

Kapok Seed

Current research on kapok seed is limited to in vitro laboratory studies and phytochemical analyses, with no human clinical trials available

Botswana Wild Sage

Research on *Salvia officinalis*, often referred to as Botswana Wild Sage in studies, indicates significant antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties

Batuan Fruit

Research on batuan fruit is primarily limited to in vitro antioxidant studies and traditional use documentation

Aruá Nut

No human clinical trials have been conducted on Aruá Nut, with available data limited to preclinical in vitro and animal studies

Fishtail Palm Fruit

Limited human studies exist for fishtail palm fruit specifically

Bolivian Pitoquinha Herb

There are no established human clinical trials or robust scientific studies specifically identified for an herb unequivocally named 'Bolivian Pitoquinha Herb'

Garcinia afzelii

No clinical trials have been conducted on Garcinia afzelii in any form or for any indication

Kawakawa (Piper excelsum)

Current clinical evidence for kawakawa is extremely limited, with only preliminary human metabolism studies confirming bioavailability of key compounds like myristicin and piperine

Beach Plum

Nutritional analyses have confirmed Beach Plum's rich content of vitamins A and C, dietary fiber, and various phenolic compounds, underscoring its potential health benefits