The Ingredient Encyclopedia: what is in your supplements, explained.

Colombian Wild Peppercorns

Research, primarily from in vitro and animal models using Piper nigrum, supports piperine's role in enhancing nutrient absorption and its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties

Irish Sea Lettuce

Research on *Ulva* species, including *Ulva lactuca*, predominantly consists of *in vitro* and preclinical studies

Fish Roe

Extensive research, including both in vitro and in vivo studies, supports the significant cardiovascular, cognitive, and anti-inflammatory benefits of fish roe, primarily attributed to its high con...

Bifidobacterium thermophilum

Bifidobacterium thermophilum has been investigated in limited clinical trials, primarily focusing on its impact on lactose intolerance and gut health

Chocolate Pod Husk

Limited clinical research exists specifically on chocolate pod husk as a supplement ingredient

Georgian Wild Sorrel

While specific clinical trials on "Georgian Wild Sorrel" are limited due to its regional designation, studies on general *Rumex acetosa* (common sorrel) investigate its antioxidant and anti-inflamm...

Blue Fescue Shoots

No human clinical trials exist for Blue Fescue shoots, with research limited to agricultural applications

Lactobacillus pentosus

Limited human clinical trials have been conducted specifically on Lactobacillus pentosus supplementation

Coconut Husk Powder

Limited clinical research exists specifically on coconut husk powder as a supplement

Lactobacillus johnsonii No.1088

Human clinical trials demonstrate that Lactobacillus johnsonii No.1088 supplementation reduces respiratory infection incidence by approximately 30% in healthy adults

Cactus Honey

No human clinical trials exist specifically for cactus honey, with current evidence limited to in vitro studies on similar monofloral honeys

Clavulina Cristata

There are no known key clinical results or numerical data from human or animal studies on Clavulina cristata

EpiCor (Saccharomyces cerevisiae Fermentate)

A 12-week randomized controlled trial with 116 healthy adults showed EpiCor (500mg daily) reduced cold and flu symptoms by 21% compared to placebo

Apilarnil (Drone Brood)

Limited human studies exist on apilarnil, with most research conducted on small samples of 20-50 participants

Napier Grass

Current evidence for Napier Grass is limited to in vitro antioxidant studies using DPPH, FRAP, FTC, and TBA assays, which show dose-dependent antioxidant effects

Frost Grape Vine Sap

No specific clinical trials exist for 'Frost Grape Vine Sap' as a distinct product

Japanese Pickled Radish

Research on fermented foods, including Japanese pickled radish, highlights their potential role in modulating the gut microbiome and enhancing immune responses through probiotic activity

Breadfruit Chips

Current research on breadfruit chips primarily focuses on their nutritional composition, identifying them as a gluten-free food source rich in beneficial compounds

Coral Vine Infusion

Current scientific understanding of Coral Vine's efficacy is largely derived from in vitro and animal studies

Bamboo Sugar

Clinical research specifically on "Bamboo Sugar" as a distinct functional ingredient is currently emerging and limited

Korean Green Plum

While highly valued in traditional medicine, scientific studies on Korean Green Plum are predominantly preliminary, focusing on *in vitro* and animal models

Coconut Husk Fiber

Current evidence is limited to in vitro studies and animal models, with no published human clinical trials available

Nervonic Acid

Limited human studies exist for isolated nervonic acid supplementation