Vidari Kanda (Pueraria tuberosa) (Pueraria tuberosa)

Vidari Kanda (Pueraria tuberosa) tuber contains significant starch content (approximately 20-25% dry weight) as the primary macronutrient, along with moderate protein levels (4-6% dry weight) containing essential amino acids including arginine and lysine. Crude fiber content ranges from 3-5% dry weight. Fat content is minimal at approximately 0.5-1% dry weight. Key bioactive compounds include puerarin (pueraria isoflavone C-glucoside, approximately 0.5-2% in root extract), daidzein (isoflavone aglycone, 0.1-0.5%), daidzin (daidzein-7-O-glucoside), and tuberosin (a pterocarpanoid specific to this species). Steroidal saponins are present at approximately 1-3% and contribute significantly to adaptogenic and anabolic properties. Phytosterols including beta-sitosterol and stigmasterol are present at trace to moderate concentrations (0.05-0.2%). Minerals include calcium (approximately 50-80 mg/100g fresh weight), phosphorus (40-60 mg/100g), iron (2-4 mg/100g), and magnesium (20-35 mg/100g). Potassium is notably present at 200-300 mg/100g. Vitamin C is present in modest amounts (10-15 mg/100g fresh tuber). B-complex vitamins including thiamine (B1) and riboflavin (B2) are present in trace amounts. Mucilaginous polysaccharides (estimated 5-8%) enhance gut absorption and bioavailability of active compounds. Isoflavone bioavailability is enhanced by gut microbiota conversion; puerarin has demonstrated relatively high oral bioavailability (~30-40%) compared to other isoflavones due to its water-soluble glucoside form. Alkaloids including puerarine are present in small quantities. Tannins and polyphenols contribute antioxidant activity with an estimated DPPH scavenging capacity comparable to moderate antioxidant herbs.