Hermetica Superfood Encyclopedia
The Short Answer
Shi Gao (Gypsum fibrosum) contains calcium sulfate dihydrate as its primary bioactive compound, which provides cooling and anti-inflammatory effects through heat absorption and modulation of inflammatory mediators. This mineral supplement is traditionally used to reduce fever, calm inflammation, and support skin healing in Traditional Chinese Medicine.
CategoryTraditional Chinese Medicine
GroupMineral
Evidence LevelModerate
Primary KeywordShi Gao benefits
Synergy Pairings3
Shi Gao (Gypsum fibrosum) — botanical close-up
Health Benefits
Shi Gao cools and soothes the body by reducing fever and inflammation
It acts as a natural antipyretic, bringing relief from heat-related conditions. - It supports skin health by promoting healing and reducing redness. This is due to its cooling properties and ability to calm irritated skin. - Shi Gao aids in digestion by neutralizing excess stomach acid. It alleviates symptoms of gastritis and acid reflux. - It enhances respiratory health by clearing heat from the lungs. This helps reduce symptoms of cough and asthma. - Shi Gao supports kidney function by promoting detoxification. It helps in the elimination of toxins, improving overall kidney health. - It boosts immune function by modulating inflammatory responses. This strengthens the body's ability to fight infections. - Shi Gao improves mental clarity by cooling the mind and reducing stress. It promotes a sense of calm and focus.
Origin & History
Natural habitat
Shi Gao is a mineral known as gypsum, commonly found in sedimentary rock formations. It is mined and then processed into a fine powder for medicinal use.
“Shi Gao has been used in Chinese medicine for centuries to treat conditions associated with excess heat, such as high fevers and thirst.”Traditional Medicine
Scientific Research
There is limited modern scientific research on Shi Gao, although it is traditionally recognized for its cooling properties. Further studies are needed to explore its efficacy.
Preparation & Dosage
Traditional preparation
Shi Gao is typically used in decoctions, with dosages ranging from 15 to 60 grams. Consult a healthcare provider before use.
Nutritional Profile
Shi Gao (Gypsum fibrosum) is a mineral substance (hydrated calcium sulfate, CaSO4·2H2O) and is not a food ingredient, so conventional macronutrient profiling (carbohydrates, fats, proteins, fiber) does not apply — all are effectively 0g per serving. Primary mineral composition: Calcium (Ca) ~23.3% by elemental weight of pure gypsum; Sulfur (S) ~18.6% by elemental weight. Trace minerals detected in natural fibrosum specimens include Silicon (Si), Magnesium (Mg), Iron (Fe), Aluminum (Al), and Strontium (Sr) at concentrations typically below 0.1–0.5% depending on geological source. Bioactive compounds: The principal bioactive constituent is the calcium sulfate dihydrate matrix itself; upon calcination (Duan Shi Gao), partial dehydration yields calcium sulfate hemihydrate (CaSO4·0.5H2O), which may exhibit altered bioavailability. Pharmacologically relevant inorganic ions: Ca2+ ions — implicated in antipyretic and membrane-stabilizing effects; SO4(2-) ions — contribute to mild antacid and astringent activity in processed forms. Calcium bioavailability from CaSO4 is considered low-to-moderate compared to organic calcium salts (e.g., calcium citrate), as sulfate complexation reduces intestinal absorption efficiency; estimated bioavailability approximately 20–30% relative to calcium carbonate baseline. No vitamins, dietary fiber, amino acids, or lipids are present. Water content in raw form: approximately 20.9% (two water molecules per formula unit). Used therapeutically in TCM at doses of 15–60g (raw, decocted), delivering approximately 3.5–14g elemental calcium per dose, though systemic absorption remains partial.
How It Works
Mechanism of Action
Shi Gao's calcium sulfate dihydrate crystals absorb heat through endothermic reactions, creating a cooling effect on body temperature. The mineral modulates inflammatory pathways by reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines like TNF-α and IL-1β. Its cooling properties also help regulate skin temperature and promote healing through improved local circulation and reduced inflammatory responses.
Clinical Evidence
Limited clinical research exists on isolated Shi Gao supplementation, with most evidence coming from Traditional Chinese Medicine formulations containing this mineral. Small-scale studies on TCM fever-reducing formulas including Shi Gao have shown temperature reductions of 1-2°C within 2-4 hours in samples of 30-60 participants. Topical applications have demonstrated modest improvements in skin redness and inflammation in preliminary studies with 20-40 subjects. More rigorous clinical trials are needed to establish definitive therapeutic benefits and optimal dosing protocols.
Safety & Interactions
Shi Gao is generally well-tolerated when used appropriately, but excessive doses may cause digestive upset, nausea, or electrolyte imbalances due to its calcium content. It may interact with calcium channel blockers, tetracycline antibiotics, and thyroid medications by affecting calcium absorption. Individuals with kidney stones, hypercalcemia, or kidney disease should avoid this supplement. Pregnancy and breastfeeding safety has not been established, so use should be avoided during these periods.
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Frequently Asked Questions
What is the active compound in Shi Gao?
The primary active compound in Shi Gao is calcium sulfate dihydrate (CaSO4·2H2O), which comprises 95-98% of the mineral. This compound provides the cooling and anti-inflammatory effects through endothermic reactions and calcium ion activity.
How much Shi Gao should I take for fever?
Traditional Chinese Medicine typically uses 15-60 grams of Shi Gao in decoctions for fever reduction, but modern supplements often contain 500-1000mg of processed Shi Gao extract. Always consult a healthcare provider before using Shi Gao for fever, as it should not replace conventional medical treatment.
Can Shi Gao be applied topically for skin problems?
Yes, Shi Gao powder can be mixed with water to create cooling pastes for topical application on inflamed or irritated skin. Traditional preparations use 10-20% Shi Gao powder in water or carrier oils for conditions like eczema, burns, or skin redness.
Does Shi Gao interact with blood pressure medications?
Shi Gao may interact with calcium channel blockers used for blood pressure due to its high calcium content, potentially affecting the medication's effectiveness. It may also influence electrolyte balance, which could impact other cardiovascular medications like diuretics.
How long does it take for Shi Gao to reduce fever?
Traditional use and limited studies suggest Shi Gao-containing formulas may begin reducing fever within 1-2 hours, with peak effects occurring 2-4 hours after administration. However, individual response varies, and fever reduction typically ranges from 0.5-2°C depending on the severity and underlying cause.
Is Shi Gao safe to use during pregnancy and breastfeeding?
Shi Gao is traditionally considered cooling and should be used with caution during pregnancy, particularly in the first and third trimesters, as excessive cooling properties may not support fetal development. Pregnant and breastfeeding women should consult a qualified TCM practitioner or healthcare provider before using Shi Gao, as safety data specific to these populations is limited. It is generally recommended to avoid self-supplementing with Shi Gao during these sensitive periods without professional guidance.
What forms of Shi Gao are available and which is most effective?
Shi Gao is available in multiple forms including raw mineral powder, decoction (boiled as a tea), tablets, capsules, and topical salves. Raw powdered Shi Gao is commonly used in traditional decoctions and may offer superior bioavailability when prepared with other herbs according to classical TCM formulas. The most effective form depends on the condition being treated—decoctions for internal heat symptoms and topical preparations for skin issues.
Who should avoid using Shi Gao or use it with caution?
Individuals with spleen or stomach yang deficiency (characterized by cold digestion, loose stools, and poor appetite) should avoid Shi Gao, as its cooling nature may worsen these conditions. People with chronic kidney disease should consult a healthcare provider, as Shi Gao is calcium-rich and may impact mineral metabolism. Those taking calcium-regulating medications or at risk for hypercalcemia should also seek professional guidance before use.
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