Rhodiola rosea 'Golden Root'

Rhodiola rosea rhizome contains a complex array of bioactive secondary metabolites rather than significant macronutrient content. Primary bioactive compounds include: rosavins (rosavin, rosin, rosarin) at approximately 3-6% dry weight in standardized extracts (with commercial extracts typically standardized to 3% rosavins); salidroside (rhodioloside) at approximately 0.8-1% dry weight in standardized extracts; tyrosol (precursor to salidroside) at 0.1-0.3% dry weight. Additional phenylpropanoids and flavonoids are present including quercetin, kaempferol, and catechins at trace to low concentrations (0.05-0.3% combined). Monoterpene alcohols including geraniol and myrtenol contribute to the essential oil fraction (~0.05% of dry weight). Organic acids including gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, and hydroxycinnamic acids are present at 0.1-0.5% collectively. Polysaccharides constitute approximately 20-30% of dry rhizome weight, contributing to bulk carbohydrate content. Crude protein content is approximately 8-12% dry weight, primarily structural plant proteins with limited nutritional bioavailability. Mineral content includes modest amounts of manganese (~12 mg/100g dry), zinc (~2-4 mg/100g dry), iron (~3-6 mg/100g dry), and selenium at trace levels. Bioavailability note: Salidroside demonstrates higher oral bioavailability than rosavins; fat-soluble compounds benefit from co-ingestion with dietary lipids; standardized hydroalcoholic extracts (typically 70% ethanol extraction) yield superior bioactive compound recovery compared to aqueous preparations alone.