Herbs (Global Traditional) · Ayurveda
Centella asiatica
Strong Evidencebotanical
Hermetica Superfood Encyclopedia
Centella asiatica is an Ayurvedic herb containing triterpene compounds asiaticoside and madecassoside that support wound healing and vascular function. These bioactive compounds enhance collagen synthesis and improve microcirculation through anti-inflammatory mechanisms.
Centella asiatica (also known as gotu kola) is a creeping herbaceous plant native to tropical regions of Asia. The plant's leaves and aerial parts are harvested and processed into various forms including aqueous extracts, standardized triterpene extracts, and dried powders, with key constituents including asiaticoside, madecassoside, asiatic acid, and madecassic acid.
Clinical research includes a 52-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (NCT00608439) examining standardized Centella asiatica triterpenes (CAST™) for diabetic neuropathy, and a recent 12-week open-label trial evaluating 500mg daily for ulcerative colitis. Additional Phase 1 trials have explored bioavailability of standardized aqueous extracts at 2g and 4g doses for cognitive function.
Clinically studied dosages include: 500mg oral extract tablets once daily for digestive health; CAST™ standardized triterpene extract with dose escalation protocol over 52 weeks for neuropathy; 2-4g standardized aqueous extract (CAP) for cognitive function. Standardization typically targets triterpene content (asiaticoside and madecassoside). Consult a healthcare provider before starting any new supplement.
Centella asiatica (Gotu Kola) is valued primarily for its bioactive phytochemical profile rather than macronutrient content. **Key Triterpene Saponins (primary active compounds):** Asiaticoside (typically 0.7–1.0% dry weight), madecassoside (0.5–1.2% dry weight), asiatic acid (0.1–0.5%), and madecassic acid (0.1–0.5%); these pentacyclic triterpenoids are considered the principal therapeutic constituents. **Other Bioactive Compounds:** Brahmoside and brahminoside (saponin glycosides); centellose (oligosaccharide); flavonoids including quercetin, kaempferol, and catechin (approximately 0.3–0.8% total flavonoid content); phenolic acids including chlorogenic acid and rosmarinic acid contributing to antioxidant activity. **Essential Oil Constituents (trace):** β-caryophyllene, trans-β-farnesene, and germacrene D (typically <0.1% of fresh herb). **Micronutrients (per 100 g fresh leaf, approximate):** Vitamin C (~30–50 mg), β-carotene/provitamin A (~2.5–5.0 mg), vitamin B1 (~0.09 mg), vitamin B2 (~0.15 mg), niacin (~0.8 mg); minerals including calcium (~170 mg), phosphorus (~30 mg), iron (~3.1–5.6 mg), potassium (~350–400 mg), magnesium (~20–30 mg), and zinc (~1.0–1.5 mg). **Macronutrients (per 100 g fresh herb):** Protein ~2.0 g, total carbohydrates ~6–7 g, dietary fiber ~3–4 g, fat ~0.2–0.5 g, moisture ~85–88%, energy ~30–35 kcal. **Bioavailability Notes:** Oral bioavailability of asiaticoside is relatively low (~15–30%) due to extensive first-pass metabolism; it is hydrolyzed to asiatic acid in the gut, which is the primary absorbed form. Standardized extracts (e.g., TECA/Titrated Extract of Centella Asiatica, standardized to 40% asiaticoside, 29–30% asiatic acid, 29–30% madecassic acid, and 1–2% madecassoside) significantly enhance reproducibility of dosing. Co-administration with food or lipid-based carriers may improve absorption of lipophilic triterpene aglycones. Phospholipid complexes (phytosomes) of Centella triterpenes have shown 3–5× improved oral bioavailability in pharmacokinetic studies compared to unformulated extract.
Centella asiatica's triterpenes (asiaticoside, madecassoside, asiatic acid) enhance collagen synthesis by stimulating fibroblast proliferation and increasing type I collagen production. These compounds modulate inflammatory pathways by inhibiting NF-κB activation and reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines. The triterpenes also strengthen capillary walls and improve endothelial function through enhanced nitric oxide bioavailability.
A 52-week randomized controlled trial showed centella extract (600mg daily) reduced diabetic neuropathy symptoms, though with increased adverse events compared to placebo. Small open-label studies suggest potential benefits for mild ulcerative colitis symptoms. Several controlled trials demonstrate improved venous insufficiency symptoms and microcirculation parameters. However, most evidence comes from small studies with methodological limitations requiring larger confirmatory trials.
Centella asiatica is generally well-tolerated but may cause drowsiness, stomach upset, and skin sensitivity in some individuals. Higher doses (600mg+ daily) have been associated with increased adverse event rates in clinical trials. The herb may potentiate sedative medications and blood sugar-lowering drugs. Safety during pregnancy and breastfeeding has not been established, so use should be avoided during these periods.
