Shi Gao (Gypsum fibrosum)

Shi Gao (Gypsum fibrosum) contains calcium sulfate dihydrate as its primary bioactive compound, which provides cooling and anti-inflammatory effects through heat absorption and modulation of inflammatory mediators. This mineral supplement is traditionally used to reduce fever, calm inflammation, and support skin healing in Traditional Chinese Medicine.

Origin & History

Shi Gao is a mineral known as gypsum, commonly found in sedimentary rock formations. It is mined and then processed into a fine powder for medicinal use.

Historical & Cultural Context

Shi Gao has been used in Chinese medicine for centuries to treat conditions associated with excess heat, such as high fevers and thirst.

Health Benefits

- Shi Gao cools and soothes the body by reducing fever and inflammation. It acts as a natural antipyretic, bringing relief from heat-related conditions. - It supports skin health by promoting healing and reducing redness. This is due to its cooling properties and ability to calm irritated skin. - Shi Gao aids in digestion by neutralizing excess stomach acid. It alleviates symptoms of gastritis and acid reflux. - It enhances respiratory health by clearing heat from the lungs. This helps reduce symptoms of cough and asthma. - Shi Gao supports kidney function by promoting detoxification. It helps in the elimination of toxins, improving overall kidney health. - It boosts immune function by modulating inflammatory responses. This strengthens the body's ability to fight infections. - Shi Gao improves mental clarity by cooling the mind and reducing stress. It promotes a sense of calm and focus.

How It Works

Shi Gao's calcium sulfate dihydrate crystals absorb heat through endothermic reactions, creating a cooling effect on body temperature. The mineral modulates inflammatory pathways by reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines like TNF-α and IL-1β. Its cooling properties also help regulate skin temperature and promote healing through improved local circulation and reduced inflammatory responses.

Scientific Research

There is limited modern scientific research on Shi Gao, although it is traditionally recognized for its cooling properties. Further studies are needed to explore its efficacy.

Clinical Summary

Limited clinical research exists on isolated Shi Gao supplementation, with most evidence coming from Traditional Chinese Medicine formulations containing this mineral. Small-scale studies on TCM fever-reducing formulas including Shi Gao have shown temperature reductions of 1-2°C within 2-4 hours in samples of 30-60 participants. Topical applications have demonstrated modest improvements in skin redness and inflammation in preliminary studies with 20-40 subjects. More rigorous clinical trials are needed to establish definitive therapeutic benefits and optimal dosing protocols.

Nutritional Profile

Shi Gao (Gypsum fibrosum) is a mineral substance (hydrated calcium sulfate, CaSO4·2H2O) and is not a food ingredient, so conventional macronutrient profiling (carbohydrates, fats, proteins, fiber) does not apply — all are effectively 0g per serving. Primary mineral composition: Calcium (Ca) ~23.3% by elemental weight of pure gypsum; Sulfur (S) ~18.6% by elemental weight. Trace minerals detected in natural fibrosum specimens include Silicon (Si), Magnesium (Mg), Iron (Fe), Aluminum (Al), and Strontium (Sr) at concentrations typically below 0.1–0.5% depending on geological source. Bioactive compounds: The principal bioactive constituent is the calcium sulfate dihydrate matrix itself; upon calcination (Duan Shi Gao), partial dehydration yields calcium sulfate hemihydrate (CaSO4·0.5H2O), which may exhibit altered bioavailability. Pharmacologically relevant inorganic ions: Ca2+ ions — implicated in antipyretic and membrane-stabilizing effects; SO4(2-) ions — contribute to mild antacid and astringent activity in processed forms. Calcium bioavailability from CaSO4 is considered low-to-moderate compared to organic calcium salts (e.g., calcium citrate), as sulfate complexation reduces intestinal absorption efficiency; estimated bioavailability approximately 20–30% relative to calcium carbonate baseline. No vitamins, dietary fiber, amino acids, or lipids are present. Water content in raw form: approximately 20.9% (two water molecules per formula unit). Used therapeutically in TCM at doses of 15–60g (raw, decocted), delivering approximately 3.5–14g elemental calcium per dose, though systemic absorption remains partial.

Preparation & Dosage

Shi Gao is typically used in decoctions, with dosages ranging from 15 to 60 grams. Consult a healthcare provider before use.

Synergy & Pairings

Zhi Mu, Tian Hua Fen, Lu Gen

Safety & Interactions

Shi Gao is generally well-tolerated when used appropriately, but excessive doses may cause digestive upset, nausea, or electrolyte imbalances due to its calcium content. It may interact with calcium channel blockers, tetracycline antibiotics, and thyroid medications by affecting calcium absorption. Individuals with kidney stones, hypercalcemia, or kidney disease should avoid this supplement. Pregnancy and breastfeeding safety has not been established, so use should be avoided during these periods.