Humulus lupulus (Hops)

Hops (Humulus lupulus) contains 8-prenylnaringenin, a potent phytoestrogen that binds to estrogen receptors to alleviate menopausal symptoms. This climbing plant provides estrogenic activity approximately 20 times stronger than other plant estrogens.

Origin & History

Humulus lupulus, commonly known as Hops, is a perennial climbing plant from the Cannabaceae family, native to temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. The supplement ingredient is derived from the dried female flower cones (strobiles), which are rich in bioactive compounds. Production involves creating extracts standardized for key constituents like iso-α-acids and bitter acids.

Historical & Cultural Context

Based on the available research, Hops has a history in folkloric medicine, where its derived compounds, such as bitter acids, have been used for centuries for the treatment or prevention of inflammatory disorders.[2]

Health Benefits

["\u2022 May alleviate menopausal symptoms. A randomized controlled trial with 120 women demonstrated that hops effectively reduced early menopausal symptoms, including hot flashes.[3]", "\u2022 Supports postmenopausal sexual health. A clinical trial found that a vaginal hop preparation was as effective as estradiol for improving sexual dysfunction in postmenopausal women, with no adverse events reported.[4]", "\u2022 Potentially aids metabolic health. A systematic review of 11 clinical investigations suggests iso-\u03b1-acids from hops may positively influence body weight, glucose tolerance, and lipid metabolism, though it noted a need for more large-scale studies.[2]", "\u2022 Exhibits anti-inflammatory properties. In-vitro and in-vivo studies show that hop bitter acids and polyphenol-rich extracts act as modulators of inflammatory responses, inhibiting the formation of inflammatory mediators.[2, 8]", "\u2022 May reduce stress and anxiety. A clinical trial in young adults indicated that a hops dry extract supplement helped improve self-reported levels of depression, anxiety, and stress.[7]"]

How It Works

Hops' primary bioactive compound 8-prenylnaringenin acts as a selective estrogen receptor modulator, binding to both ERα and ERβ receptors with high affinity. This phytoestrogen demonstrates approximately 20-fold greater estrogenic potency than other plant compounds like genistein. The compound also modulates GABA neurotransmission, contributing to mild sedative effects through enhanced chloride channel activity.

Scientific Research

Clinical evidence for Hops includes a randomized controlled trial of 120 women which found it effective for menopausal symptoms [3], and a systematic review covering 24 preclinical and 11 clinical studies on its effects on metabolic syndrome, obesity, and inflammation [2]. The provided research dossier does not contain specific PubMed IDs (PMIDs) for these citations.

Clinical Summary

A randomized controlled trial with 120 menopausal women showed hops extract significantly reduced hot flashes and other early menopausal symptoms compared to placebo. Clinical studies using standardized hops preparations containing 8-prenylnaringenin have demonstrated improvements in vaginal health and sexual function in postmenopausal women. Most human trials have used doses ranging from 100-500mg daily of standardized extract. The evidence base remains moderate, with most studies being small-scale and short-term.

Nutritional Profile

{"macronutrients": {"protein": "4.4 g per 100 g", "fiber": "16.5 g per 100 g"}, "micronutrients": {"vitamins": {"Vitamin C": "13 mg per 100 g", "Vitamin E": "0.1 mg per 100 g"}, "minerals": {"Calcium": "38 mg per 100 g", "Iron": "3.5 mg per 100 g", "Magnesium": "60 mg per 100 g", "Potassium": "600 mg per 100 g"}}, "bioactive_compounds": {"xanthohumol": "0.1-0.5% of dry weight", "8-prenylnaringenin": "20-300 micrograms per gram"}, "bioavailability_notes": "The bioavailability of xanthohumol and 8-prenylnaringenin can be influenced by the form of consumption and individual metabolism. The presence of dietary fats may enhance absorption."}

Preparation & Dosage

The provided research does not specify clinically studied dosage ranges for various forms of Hops. However, a systematic review protocol for menopausal symptoms specified that included studies used treatment durations of at least 4 weeks.[1] Consult a healthcare provider before starting any new supplement.

Synergy & Pairings

Black Cohosh, L-Theanine, Berberine, Red Clover

Safety & Interactions

Hops is generally well-tolerated but may cause mild drowsiness, stomach upset, and allergic reactions in sensitive individuals. Due to its estrogenic activity, hops may interact with hormone replacement therapy and should be avoided by individuals with hormone-sensitive cancers. The supplement may enhance the sedative effects of medications like benzodiazepines and sleep aids. Pregnant and breastfeeding women should avoid hops supplementation due to potential hormonal effects.