He Shou Wu (Polygonum multiflorum)
He Shou Wu (Polygonum multiflorum) contains stilbene glycosides that enhance blood circulation and liver antioxidant activity. The compound 2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside (TSG) primarily drives its hair growth and hepatoprotective effects.
Origin & History
He Shou Wu is a root of the Polygonum multiflorum plant, native to China. It is traditionally prepared by steaming with black beans to reduce toxicity.
Historical & Cultural Context
Traditionally used in Chinese medicine, He Shou Wu is famed for its ability to restore hair color and promote longevity. It is named after a legendary figure who supposedly regained his youthfulness and vitality by using it.
Health Benefits
- Supports hair health by promoting hair follicle growth, potentially reducing hair loss. This is due to its ability to enhance blood circulation in the scalp. - Boosts liver function by increasing antioxidant levels, which help detoxify the liver. This is essential for maintaining overall metabolic health. - Enhances kidney health by reducing oxidative stress, which can improve renal function. This is crucial for filtering waste from the body effectively. - Improves cardiovascular health by lowering cholesterol levels, reducing the risk of heart disease. Studies show a 15% decrease in LDL cholesterol. - Increases energy levels by improving mitochondrial function, which enhances cellular energy production. This is beneficial for combating fatigue. - Supports cognitive function by preventing neurodegeneration, which can enhance memory and learning. This is vital for maintaining mental acuity. - Boosts immune response by modulating cytokine production, which helps the body fight infections more effectively.
How It Works
TSG and emodin increase superoxide dismutase and catalase activity in liver cells, reducing oxidative stress. The stilbene compounds enhance microcirculation by promoting nitric oxide release in blood vessels. These mechanisms improve nutrient delivery to hair follicles and support hepatic detoxification pathways.
Scientific Research
Some studies suggest He Shou Wu may have antioxidant and anti-aging properties, but more research, including clinical trials, is needed to confirm its efficacy.
Clinical Summary
Limited human studies exist for He Shou Wu, with most research conducted in animal models. A 12-week study in 60 participants showed modest improvements in hair density compared to placebo. Animal studies demonstrate significant increases in antioxidant enzyme levels and hair follicle proliferation. Clinical evidence remains preliminary and requires larger human trials for definitive efficacy claims.
Nutritional Profile
He Shou Wu (Polygonum multiflorum) root is not a significant source of macronutrients in typical supplemental doses (3–9g dried root/day), but contains notable bioactive compounds. Stilbenes: trans-resveratrol (~0.02–0.1mg/g dried root) and its glycoside polydatin (~1–5mg/g). Anthraquinones: emodin (~0.5–2mg/g) and physcion (~0.3–1.5mg/g), with emodin being hepatotoxically relevant at high doses; processing (Zhi He Shou Wu, prepared with black bean soup) significantly reduces free anthraquinone content by ~50–70% compared to raw root. Stilbene glycosides: 2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside (THSG, the primary bioactive marker compound) at approximately 1.0–2.5mg/g in raw root, often standardized to ≥1.0% in commercial extracts. Phospholipids: lecithin-type compounds (~3–5mg/g). Tannins and proanthocyanidins: catechin and epicatechin derivatives (~5–15mg/g). Minerals: iron (~12–18mg/100g dried root), zinc (~2–4mg/100g), manganese (~3–6mg/100g), calcium (~80–120mg/100g). Fiber: crude fiber approximately 8–12% of dried root weight, primarily insoluble. Protein: approximately 4–7% of dried weight, nutritionally insignificant at supplemental doses. Bioavailability notes: THSG has moderate oral bioavailability (~20–40%), enhanced by gut microbiota conversion to aglycone forms; anthraquinones are poorly absorbed but active in the colon; fat-soluble stilbenes benefit from co-administration with dietary fats; prepared (Zhi) form alters the phytochemical ratio, reducing hepatotoxic anthraquinone fractions while retaining THSG levels.
Preparation & Dosage
Dosage ranges from 3-12 grams per day. Consult a healthcare provider before use.
Synergy & Pairings
Goji Berry, Rehmannia, Dong Quai, Ginseng
Safety & Interactions
He Shou Wu may cause hepatotoxicity in sensitive individuals, particularly with long-term use or high doses. It can interact with warfarin and other anticoagulants due to its blood-thinning properties. Gastrointestinal upset, including nausea and diarrhea, occurs in some users. Pregnant and breastfeeding women should avoid use due to insufficient safety data.