Cyanidin-3-Glucoside (C3G)

Cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G) is an anthocyanin polyphenol that provides potent antioxidant protection through its ability to neutralize free radicals and reduce oxidative stress. It works primarily by activating cellular antioxidant enzymes and protecting mitochondrial function.

Origin & History

Cyanidin-3-Glucoside (C3G) is an anthocyanin found in dark-colored fruits like blackberries and black rice. It is extracted through solvent extraction to concentrate the active compound.

Historical & Cultural Context

C3G has been consumed in traditional diets rich in berries and dark-colored grains, known for their health benefits.

Health Benefits

- Cyanidin-3-Glucoside (C3G) is a potent antioxidant that protects cells from oxidative damage, helping to prevent chronic diseases. Its action supports overall cellular health. - C3G supports eye health by enhancing blood flow to the retina, potentially improving vision and reducing the risk of age-related macular degeneration. - It aids in weight management by promoting fat oxidation and reducing fat accumulation, contributing to a healthier body composition. - C3G supports cardiovascular health by improving endothelial function, which enhances blood circulation and reduces the risk of heart disease. - It promotes anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting pro-inflammatory pathways, which can alleviate symptoms of inflammatory conditions. - C3G enhances cognitive function by protecting neurons from oxidative stress, potentially reducing the risk of neurodegenerative diseases. - It supports skin health by reducing UV-induced damage and boosting collagen production, leading to firmer and more resilient skin.

How It Works

Cyanidin-3-glucoside activates nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), which upregulates antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase and catalase. It also inhibits pro-inflammatory pathways by suppressing nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activation and reducing inflammatory cytokine production. Additionally, C3G stabilizes collagen and improves capillary integrity through anthocyanoside accumulation in vascular tissues.

Scientific Research

In vitro and animal studies demonstrate C3G's antioxidant and eye health benefits. Human studies are limited but promising for cognitive and cardiovascular support.

Clinical Summary

Human studies on C3G are limited, with most evidence coming from animal models and in vitro research. A 12-week randomized controlled trial with 48 participants showed that 320mg daily of anthocyanin extract containing C3G improved visual fatigue scores by 23%. Rodent studies demonstrate improved insulin sensitivity and reduced inflammation at doses equivalent to 50-100mg daily in humans. However, large-scale human trials are needed to establish definitive therapeutic benefits and optimal dosing protocols.

Nutritional Profile

- Rich in anthocyanins, particularly C3G. - Contains other polyphenols and antioxidants. - Low in calories and free from fats.

Preparation & Dosage

Common dosage ranges from 50-200 mg per day. Consult a healthcare provider before use.

Synergy & Pairings

Delphinidin, Resveratrol, Vitamin C

Safety & Interactions

Cyanidin-3-glucoside is generally well-tolerated with no serious adverse effects reported in clinical studies. Mild gastrointestinal upset may occur at high doses above 500mg daily. C3G may enhance the effects of blood-thinning medications due to its anti-platelet properties. Pregnant and breastfeeding women should avoid supplementation due to insufficient safety data, though dietary sources are considered safe.