Chrysoeriol (Flavonoid)

Chrysoeriol is a flavonoid compound found in passionflower and chamomile that exhibits anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory properties through NF-κB pathway modulation. This bioactive flavone demonstrates selective cytotoxicity against leukemia cells while providing antioxidant protection in preclinical studies.

Origin & History

Chrysoeriol is a naturally occurring flavone, specifically a 3'-O-methyl derivative of luteolin, found in medicinal plants including Capsicum chinense, chamomile, tarragon, and Scutellaria baicalensis. It is typically extracted from plant leaves, flowers, roots, or seeds using methanolic extraction methods.

Historical & Cultural Context

No specific historical or traditional medicinal uses are detailed in available sources. While chrysoeriol is noted as present in various medicinal plants, traditional systems, indications, or duration of use are not documented.

Health Benefits

• Anti-cancer activity: Demonstrated selective cytotoxicity against HL-60 leukemia cells through NFAT upregulation and ROS amplification (in vitro evidence only)
• Anti-inflammatory effects: Inhibits NF-κB pathway, reducing MMP-9 and COX-2 expressions (preclinical studies)
• Antioxidant properties: Traps free radicals and chelates metal ions (in vitro evidence)
• Renal cell suppression: Seed extracts showed activity against 769-P and A-498 renal cells at IC50 250-500 μg/mL (cell line studies)
• BCL-2 binding: Acts as BH3 mimetic for potential pancreatic cancer applications with Kd 36.1 ± 3.64 μM (in vitro binding assays)

How It Works

Chrysoeriol inhibits the NF-κB signaling pathway, reducing expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enzymes responsible for inflammation. The compound upregulates Nuclear Factor of Activated T-cells (NFAT) while amplifying reactive oxygen species (ROS) production specifically in cancer cells. Its antioxidant activity stems from free radical scavenging through phenolic hydroxyl groups on the flavone backbone.

Scientific Research

No human clinical trials, RCTs, or meta-analyses have been conducted on chrysoeriol. Current evidence is limited to in vitro cell line studies and preclinical models, with no PMIDs available in the provided research.

Clinical Summary

Current evidence for chrysoeriol is limited to in vitro and preclinical animal studies. Laboratory research shows selective cytotoxicity against HL-60 leukemia cells with IC50 values in the micromolar range. Anti-inflammatory studies demonstrate significant reduction in inflammatory markers in cell culture models. No human clinical trials have been conducted to establish therapeutic efficacy or optimal dosing in humans.

Nutritional Profile

Chrysoeriol is a pure flavonoid compound (specifically a flavone), not a whole food ingredient, so it does not contain macronutrients, fiber, or caloric value in the traditional nutritional sense. Molecular formula: C16H12O6, molecular weight: 300.26 g/mol. It is the 3'-methoxy derivative of luteolin, differing by a single methoxyl group at the 3' position of the B-ring. As an isolated bioactive compound, its 'profile' is defined entirely by its phytochemical identity: one primary flavone aglycone with a catechol-like B-ring modified by methoxylation. It is naturally found in trace concentrations in plant sources including celery (Apium graveolens), sage (Salvia officinalis), Paspalum distichum grass, and various Artemisia species, typically present at concentrations ranging from 0.01–0.5 mg/g dry weight depending on the source plant and extraction method. Bioavailability is limited by poor aqueous solubility (log P approximately 2.5–3.0); absorption is enhanced by the methoxy group compared to its parent compound luteolin, potentially improving membrane permeability. Undergoes phase II metabolism (glucuronidation and sulfation) in the intestinal epithelium and liver. No significant vitamin, mineral, protein, or fiber content is associated with this isolated compound. Antioxidant capacity measured via DPPH assay shows IC50 values in the range of 15–40 µM in vitro, comparable to other hydroxylated flavones.

Preparation & Dosage

No clinically studied dosage ranges are available due to absence of human trials. Preclinical studies used plant extracts containing chrysoeriol but did not specify isolated compound doses. Consult a healthcare provider before starting any new supplement.

Synergy & Pairings

Luteolin, Apigenin, Quercetin, Green Tea Extract, Curcumin

Safety & Interactions

Safety data for chrysoeriol supplementation is extremely limited due to lack of human studies. No specific drug interactions have been identified, though potential interactions with anticoagulant medications may exist due to flavonoid effects on platelet aggregation. Pregnancy and lactation safety has not been established. Individuals with hormone-sensitive conditions should exercise caution as flavonoids may exhibit weak estrogenic activity.